Puerto Rico and The systemic underfunding of public schools

Puerto Rico is home to more than 240,000 U.S. public school students. The island operates as one centralized school district, funded exclusively by the territorial government and federal grants.
Until a few years ago, Puerto Rico was the 3rd largest school district in the U.S., losing that position after more than 250 schools were shut down in the wake of the devastation of Hurricane Maria.
(under) Funding in Puerto Rican Schools
Unlike states, Puerto Rico has no state or local education funding allocations, which other school districts heavily rely on to pay teachers, buy supplies, and maintain their schools.
The funding issues go even further. For example, states and Washington D.C., are entitled to reimbursement from the federal government for services provided to support students with disabilities. Yet, Puerto Rican schools are denied funding for special education services, costs which amounted to more than $433 million dollars in 2023 alone.
The Impact on students
Infrastructural collapse, on top of decades of systemic underfunding have led to disastrous results for students in Puerto Rico. In 2024, the NAEP Mathematics Assessment that all U.S. 4th and 8th grade students take, just 2% of students in Puerto Rico tested at or above proficiency levels. And that is actually an increase from 0% in 2022. Zero students meeting proficiency benchmarks in a United States school district is obscene.
This is what advocates mean when we say that ensuring fair access to high-quality education for every child goes beyond what happens in the classroom. Kids can’t learn on an empty stomach, if they are housing insecure, or when their schools and roads create dangerous conditions for students and educators alike.
There is no wonder more than 42% of the student population has left the island in the past decade, with families moving to the mainland in search of a better education for their children. This has ripple effects, impacting the students forced to move away from their home, the school communities in already under resourced, often urban school districts that absorb these students, and the students left behind in schools with even less funding.
What we can do
There needs to be a serious restructuring of the federal government’s relationship to Puerto Rico, from funding to education policy. It is the duty of our legislators to ensure every child in the U.S. – from D.C. to Hawaii to Puerto Rico – has access to a safe, high-quality public education. And the local families, students, educators, and school communities must have greater decision-making power in what happens to their children and schools.
We see that leadership in education advocates and organizations led by those living on the island, as well as Puerto Ricans in diaspora. Organizations like Flamboyan Foundation are working to ensure every early learner has the foundations they need to become lifelong readers. And Puerto Rico Rise Up is coordinating disaster relief, ensuring children have adequate clothing and working to increase STEM education on the island with their Coqui Education Program.

















